编者按
湖南省民协【大美乡愁】寻找湖南最美“古村镇，老手艺”活动采编组，带你走进岳阳全妃巷，深入了解老手艺“岳州扇”。
【湖南日报】2014年9月14日第四版报道
本报记者 文热心 通讯员 曾理
想不到大名鼎鼎的岳州扇，制作方法这么“原始”。
先说其“大名”：1975年，全国1960家制扇企业产品汇集北京参加评比，结果岳州扇夺得挂扇、书法扇、鹅毛扇三项第一，位列三大名扇之首。
再说“原始”：纸扇64道工序，绢扇72道工序，全部手工。
能用、能看，也能“吃”
能用。尽管进入空调时代，扇子在城乡仍有市场。乡场上纳凉的人们肯定带把扇子扇风驱蚊，城里人上街、散步，也会带把扇子缓解闷热。岳州扇是扇风的。
能看。一把岳州扇挂在客厅里，整个厅里就充满典雅之气；一把画扇拿在手里，不管内质如何，外表起码增加三分儒雅。
能“吃”。并不是说，它真的可以充饥、品味，而是说它纯天然、很环保。譬如说，扇子的扇骨，岳州扇一般用竹，绝对不会用塑料、金属之类；笋子能吃，老竹蒸饭、蒸肉，可是美味。再说，裱糊扇面时，岳州扇用的是十足的面粉，再加纯净水搅拌而成，绝对不用化学胶水。还有它的颜料，绝对不用无机矿物质，而是植物中提取的。还有，如果用牛骨作扇骨，必须先用12味中药浸泡，再用药渣打磨，形成瓷面效应，以便在上面镂刻字画。
“鼠眼”、“合青”，几多绝活
岳州扇制作中有几项绝活。
如“点鼠眼”，也就是做穿扇骨那颗栓子。平日我们看到的折扇，栓子有塑料做的，有金属做的，如果粗糙一点的，就是一根金属丝扎的。而高档的岳州扇是用牛角拉的。为什么要用牛角拉呢？金属的生锈，塑料的老化。牛角不仅韧性好，经久耐用，而且时间越长越亮，又环保卫生。大唐“岳州扇业”老总唐立新告诉记者，牛角拉丝这种活只有他师傅李忠友和师叔彭明华几个人会。把牛角拉成丝肯定要加温，但加到多少度？怎么拉，用什么工具？这些都秘不示人。
还有就是“合青篾”。唐立新告诉记者，他的师傅一刀下去，能剖出两边都是青篾的扇骨来。他当时怀疑是粘的，可师傅让他找接口，怎么也找不着。“剖牛骨”，刀法大有讲究。岳州扇老师傅们剖出的牛骨龙骨薄得能从这边看到那边。
3米长、4000下，规矩真细
8月中旬，记者在岳州扇业车间，看到了一把3米长、50公斤重的大挂扇。师傅们告诉记者，做这种巨扇只有岳州扇业可以做，其他顶多也就做个一尺五的。这既是岳州扇制作工艺之长，也是与岳阳竹多竹好很有关系。
他们说，为做这把扇，3个人花了15天时间，才在平江深山里找到直径一尺以上的5年以上老竹。为什么要找这种竹？一是5年左右的老竹韧性好，二是只有这种大竹，才能满足3米扇骨的取材。
不过采这竹很有讲究，即砍时不能让它自然倒，必须让人扛住，直接上肩抬走。为什么呢？自然倒就容易损伤竹青，做成扇子就会留下疤痕，就像打野兽取皮毛，必须打眼睛，打其他地方的皮子就不值钱了。
做岳州扇讲究还有许多。譬如说，做粘合剂的浆糊，必须搅动4000下，多一次不行，少一次也不行。大概是师傅们做过试验，搅这个数的浆糊粘性最好。
后来居上，只因有竹
岳州扇起步在明末清初。当时，岳阳人把当地的南竹做成生产扇骨的毛坯、熟坯销往苏杭地区。因为那些地方生产名声响当当的苏州扇、杭州扇。上海王星记扇庄、苏州扇厂、杭州扇厂等都定点从岳州进货。
就在这过程中，岳阳人对做扇子流程、工艺也了解得一清二楚。为什么不自己办厂做扇呢？
起步晚，就吸收各家所长；原料多，就用最好的。更何况，这里处在全国四大名楼之一的岳阳楼下，深厚的文化底蕴就是扇子最好的品牌。历经几代人的努力，岳州扇、岳州扇人都出名了。
不过，岳州扇真正大出风头还是在新中国。1958年，李忠友等6个人办起了岳州扇厂。走南闯北的经历让他们颇有开放和创新、冒尖意识。要做就做最好的。他们采取请进来、走出去的办法，将徒弟们送到苏州、杭州、新惠、成都扇厂去学习，把外面的制扇大师请进来传艺。1963年，厂里曾集中了16个苏州制扇大师。
正因为如此，也就有了1975年的“三项第一”的辉煌。岳州扇制作也成为一种独特的技艺。
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