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湖南省民协【大美乡愁】寻找湖南最美“古村镇,老手艺”活动采编组,带你走进郴州上古寨。
【湖南日报】2014年9月11日第七版报道
本报记者 文热心 邓明
通讯员 曹航
寻访石泉村,一个绕不开的古建筑是上古寨,一个绕不开的话题是“湘南王”胡凤璋。
1、荆棘丛里上古寨
记者在石泉村支书胡新和带领下,来到上古寨前。
历史风雨打去了它的威严,遗址全被荆棘覆盖,只有那条通向寨顶的石板小路在茅草中露出一截。
胡新和告诉记者:上古寨建于清咸丰十一年。本来是石泉举全村之力修筑的一个躲避“流寇”的防卫之所。
这里坐东朝西,距村300米左右。山峰突兀,怪石嶙峋,四面悬崖峭壁。从山脚到寨顶仅有一条狭窄的青石板阶梯可通,计有400余级。山顶上地势相对平整,面积20多亩,周围用大青石、青砖砌成一道厚约1米、高约3米、全长500米的围墙。寨中石峰上有一眼水井,泉水甘洌清澈,长年流量不断,能供山寨住人之需。
1930年胡凤璋发迹后,强势占据这里,逼迫百姓捐款,重新修缮寨子。这一修,在沿上山石阶和寨顶四周筑有9座炮楼,设有大小枪炮眼400多个。寨上筑有房屋100多间,最高处有座八角楼,高达4层,全部用石头和三合土筑成。于是,这里就成了胡凤璋集生活、藏富、驻兵、防守功能一体的城堡。
2、弹洞依然前村壁
“看,当年这里就是红三军团攻打上古寨的指挥部。”
在胡新和所指的方向,有一栋青砖黑瓦的古民宅,屋基由四五米高的青石堆垒而成,看上去有点像西方的古堡。民宅二楼的青砖墙上布满了弹洞。因为,这里距上古寨顶也就三百余米的直线距离,也是村子里的制高点,对寨上的一举一动可以观察个八九不离十。将指挥部设在这里,也是最佳选择。
记者在胡湘老宅的二楼上,看到了红军留下的标语,如“杀胡凤璋狗”,“取消苛捐杂税”、“男女平权”、“救济失业工人”、“推翻帝国主义”等,落款为“红三(罗马字)5203宣”。攻打上古寨到底是红三军团哪支部队?
这一仗,红军未能攻下上古寨。
3、无恶不作是土顽
胡凤璋在后半生可谓专与共产党作对。以致《毛泽东选集》第一卷中点了胡凤璋的大名。
毛泽东在《井冈山的斗争》中写道:红四军“第二十九团随即自由行动,跑向宜章家乡,结果一部在乐昌被土匪胡凤璋消灭……”说的是1928年11月25日发生的一个事件。
胡凤璋在政治上反复无常,可与共产党、红军却是铁心作对。在阻击红二十九团之前的1927年,他袭击路过坪石的朱德南昌起义部队;1928年,夜袭石泉村农会,杀害7人,农民胡苟奴对其滥杀有所不满,当即被开膛挖心。1934年10月,红军长征路过汝城,胡充当国民党部队的鹰犬,在苏仙岭一战中杀害红军伤病员数十人。红军过后,他又四出“清乡”搜捕,杀害红军留驻人员200多名。
史家给胡凤璋如此定性:“一生枭雄,桀骜不驯,横行乡里,欺压百姓……是湘粤赣边界武装力量最强的大土匪、大恶霸、大地主。”
4、最后葬身上古寨
胡凤璋依赖上古寨,最后也死于上古寨。
1933年,他当上湘赣粤边区四县的上校“剿匪”指挥兼保安团长后,趁机自办“吉安”公司,公开贩卖鸦片;增设税卡,进行酷征强收。红军长征后,这方无战事,他也就活动于繁华的城市。但他还是觉得上古寨最可靠,把强夺来的财宝拉回老巢,在这里开凿藏金地洞。洞成之日,他将修洞工匠杀害以灭口。
1949年上半年,胡被薛岳委任为“湘粤赣边区剿匪副司令”,于6月21日窜回石泉村招集旧部,企图重整旗鼓。6月25日,汝城解放。7月9日,湘南支队和塔北支队攻破上古寨,胡凤璋被擒。8月15日,胡被判处死刑。
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