编者按
湖南省民协【大美乡愁】寻找湖南最美“古村镇,老手艺”活动采编组,带你走涟源市荷塘镇古楼村锡三堂。
【湖南日报】2014年8月10日第二版报道
本报记者 文热心 段云行
“堂”号“锡三”,表示这家主人受过皇帝的三次封赏。“锡,音xī……‘易’意为交换。‘金’指金属,多指青铜。‘金’与‘易’组成字(其意之一)表示‘君臣之间用金属原料(如铜锭)和功劳政绩进行相互交换’。”
“锡三堂”主人李续宾正是一个用生命和皇帝换“金”的人。
李家后人说“锡三”
锡三堂在涟源市荷塘镇古楼村。这里当年属湘乡县。锡三堂主人李续宾是“湘军第一大将”。他自参加湘军至三河败亡,“大小六百余战”。于太平军而言,他是“十分凶恶的清军将领”。
7月底,出现在记者眼中的锡三堂显得有些破败,好在基本骨架仍在。这是一个三进大院。外墙由清代流行的“三六九”青砖砌就,里墙用的则是土砖。其第一进为马厩、长工住房等。一进与二进之间的天井比起一般小户人家的要大得多,其实就是一个练兵场,因为主人是武官,驻兵200人看家护院。二进是主人家眷的生活区,并肩两排房子。又一道天井后是三进,正堂供着祖宗牌位,两边房子是主人的起居、读书、议事区域。
在这里,记者见到了李家族人第五代李朝晖。他说,锡三堂当年规模宏大,气势不凡。占地100多亩,位于一个四面环山的盆地里,只有一个极窄的入口。入口处距锡三堂大门约一里路,青石板路上屹立着一座纯汉白玉牌坊,40多米高,上有咸丰皇帝的御笔,只可惜在文革时被拆掉了。除了以山作为屏障外,院子四周还建有青砖围墙,墙上有炮台,平日有兵丁守卫。
他说,锡三堂虽然并不华丽,但住家舒适、安全,也气派。整个建筑群背山而建,坐北朝南,冬暖夏凉,视野开阔。门口有三口池塘,用于蓄水灭火。后院的三重水井,全用巨块青石砌成,井水终年不息。这里还有完整的排水系统,水从地下管道排入房前池塘,虽然多年没修过,可至今没一个天井堵塞。
堂号“锡三”,得从主人李续宾的经历说起。
三封——7年布衣变总督
李续宾是“湘军之母”罗泽南的学生。1852年,罗泽南在涟源杨家滩做教书先生、“闻风而动”响应清廷办团练抗击太平天国时,“续宾奉父命往佐之”。从此,李续宾跟随老师南征北战,成为罗泽南的得力战将。
李朝晖告诉记者,他曾看过李续宾的画像,揣摩其起码有一米八的个子。史籍也说,李“臂力过人,善骑射”。参加湘军后,李在田家镇一战中一举成名,被加赏“挚勇巴图鲁”名号,升为安庆知府。巴图鲁,满语中“勇将”之意。在清朝,用这个名号大量赐封将士,以鼓舞士气。封法有两种:一种只称巴图鲁;另一种在巴图鲁前再加勇号,满语勇号如“达桑”等,汉字勇号如“劲勇”等。李续宾的勇号为“挚勇”,既英勇也诚挚。这是李续宾的首封。
第二次是在1858年5月,李续宾率部从太平军手里夺得战略要地九江城,清廷加赏他巡抚衔。
第三次,是在1858年9月的三河之役中。李续宾因分兵冒进,加之虚骄之心作怪,陷入太平军重围,最后全军覆没,自己也死于乱军之中。
死讯传开,湘军主帅之一的胡林翼哀叹“此番长城顿失……”曾国藩则“哀恸填膺,减食数日”,并追思:“湘军之兴,威震海内,大之者李续宾也。”咸丰皇帝闻之也“不觉陨涕”,说李“……屡建奇功,诸将之中,无与伦比。”清廷追封其为总督,世袭男爵,赐其父母一品封典。
7年时间,李续宾由布衣“升”为总督,其顶子也可谓“血红”。
“锡三”——高龄“一百五”
李朝晖告诉记者,李续宾殒命后,遗体运回老家,就葬在锡三堂后的西山上。但是,他们上两辈人说,运回的遗体其实是沉香木雕的。因为他战死于三河之役。不管他是因为战马陷入泥沼,被太平军击杀,还是投水自杀,都不可能有全尸。如果是前者,太平军与他可谓“仇人相见,分外眼红”,下场就是肉酱。如果是后者,又到哪里去寻找他的遗体呢?
当然,李朝晖说,这房子是李续宾殒命后,咸丰皇帝赐给李家的,这就值得研究了。如果是李身后所赐,虽荣却不见得有威,不可能有200兵丁护院……但不管怎么样,这个建筑群已是高龄“一百五”了。无论是它的建筑成就,历史蕴含,还是它的文化价值,都值得我们珍视。
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