编者按
湖南省民协【大美乡愁】寻找湖南最美“古村镇,老手艺”采编组将带你走进江华瑶族自治县大圩镇宝镜村古居民群。
【湖南日报】2014年7月30日 第14版报道
“宝镜”不是镜,是一个村子,位于湘桂边界江华瑶族自治县的大圩镇境内。
“宝镜村的屋”,曾入湘桂边界民谣,说明它在这一带的名气。
宝镜的屋实在精致!这是记者6月中旬寻访时的感慨。这个古建筑群坐东朝西,徽式风格,占地80余亩,房屋108间。
1、走马吊楼
人还远在千米外的路上,看到建筑群中那幢“走马吊楼”,造型有如军舰。桂湘边界拔地而起的山包群、绿得生烟的生态,它看上去有如航行在翻滚的绿浪中。
当地居民告诉记者,当年这里的景致更好看:走马吊楼下那丘禾苗茂密的水田,当年是崇水一个回水湾,湾水澄澈,平静如镜。360多年前,道县人何应棋从老家赶着一群鸭子沿沱江而上,来到“宝镜”之前,为这里的“好风水”而心动,在这里停下、定居,将村名改成“宝镜”。
何家后代家智在京中了进士、头戴官顶,衣锦还乡。经武汉,渡长江,夜晚见江里轮船如楼、灯火通明,觉得十分好看,回到宝镜后便建造了这幢船形吊楼。还在八字门楼前筑了一个半圆形石板台阶,也就是上下“轮船”的码头和上马石。
走马吊楼房长80米,深10米,上下两层。楼上住长工,楼下养骏马。
可以猜想,到了夜晚,走马吊楼上层挂着红灯笼,灯光射照青山、房屋,倒映在“宝镜”里,是一幅多美的画卷啊!
2、八字门楼
进入宝镜古建筑群,首先要经过一个八字门楼。
在明朝,建八字门楼必须具备三个条件:要么官至三品以上,要么功勋卓著,要么皇帝恩准。清朝虽没有明确规定,但财不高,势不大,也不敢突破传统。何家自搬入宝境后贵了阔了,八字门前那块条石就是明证。石称“马到止(址)”,上书“文武官员至此下马”。
宝镜古建筑群始建于清顺治七年(1650年)。清同治三年,何家第6代育粟成了贡生,即在京城国子监读书的秀才,何家和宝镜由此进入上流社会。何育粟的儿子步廷、步月更上层楼,先后中了进士,做了朝廷要员,宝镜也就兴旺起来。何家大兴土木,把村内房屋建设得鳞次栉比,重楼叠室,逐渐形成“三堂九井十八厅,走马吊楼日晒西”的庄园式格局。它自北往南依次分布着围姊地、大新屋、下新屋、老堂屋、新屋五个部分,八字门楼为总入口。
在记者眼里,这门楼虽有摆阔的因素,更有着审美、寓意、实用方面的意义。
3、九井十八厅
与一般古建筑群相比,宝镜有许多独特之处,许多建筑元素既美丽又实用,体现主人对精致的追求。譬如说“九井十八厅”。这个结构就在宝镜最有代表性的建筑——新屋里。
新屋的堂屋由下、中、上三部分构成,进深达50米,一厅高于一厅,每厅均有天井,号称“三进大堂屋”,从上堂屋左右侧门可通往两边的小堂屋。小堂屋向大堂屋开门,与两旁厢房构成长房,前面各有天井三个,井旁各设厅屋。如此,新屋里共有九井十八厅。
还譬如说,一般古民居只有一个书房,而这里却有两个书房。进入八字门楼,其左侧是武书房,右侧是文书房。
4、处处雕花
雕花本是古民居基本元素,然而一般也就在门窗上做文章,而宝镜村的雕花可谓无处不在。
虽然,雕花对象也就是木、石,雕技也就是圆雕、浮雕及镂空雕等,雕的内容也还是梅兰松菊、鹊麒龙凤等,然而其鲜明特色却是雕花“无处不在”。目光到达之处,雕花必是一景,就一个小拐弯处也会用雕花装饰起来。
在主人的卧室里,牙床精雕细刻自不用说,最养眼的却是其侧旁镂空花窗上的一个木架,用时可挂放主人衣物,不用时可收回,即为雕花窗阁,既美观又实用。
就是天井里的垫脚石,也雕成了元宝状,三横三竖的摆设,寓意着“步步高升,财宝堆积”。
Cisco 200-310 Answers : Designing for Cisco Internetwork Solutions
He plays Designing for Cisco Internetwork Solutions the piano, can Cisco 200-310 Answers CCDA 200-310 Cisco 200-310 Answers sing, and dances beautifully. Her intimate act, which she had never had, scared me. I Cisco 200-310 Answers can t beat it, http://www.passexamcert.com/200-310.html go home and ask my mom Cisco 200-310 Answers to help. Women are always a bit embarrassed at this 200-310 Answers point, always seeing love is more important than themselves.
This made the entire station a successor to the provincial government.Imagine the history of Van Gogh such backing, the history of his wife so capable, how much ability Baoding House, Cisco 200-310 Answers dare to say no At the end of the shopkeeper, I heard people say that more than half of Baoding s house is a history of canon. Zeng Guofan know that the little monk unspeakable implied nothing to say, go by him. That night, Tseng Kuo fan in order to facilitate the work, they moved to the temporary Ministry of Construction Ministry room. Emperor Xianfeng narrowed his eyes and said to himself According 200-310 Answers to the 200-310 Answers official system of my government, officials or Ding worry, no longer food salaries, only Cisco 200-310 Answers once out of a Designing for Cisco Internetwork Solutions number of pension silver. The reason that Baiguan can not be expected is that since Zeng Guofan has only CCDA 200-310 to increase two Goshhar guards around her, the Zeng Guofan not only did not have a lead road officer, Into Cisco 200-310 Answers the green, still by the blue car. He first looked at Zeng Guofan and did not speak.Apparently scruples.Dutch incense hurriedly said This is his own uncle, what do you do furtively The servant then put his hand back and said When I went back to my wife, the name of the prisoner just sent people to say that the butcher Gou Erma night hanged himself in the hall room, his wife reported the case.
I never Cisco 200-310 Answers thought that I would go Cisco 200-310 Answers to Cisco 200-310 Answers the Monkey Mountain Bear Mountain for a lap, and Su 200-310 Answers Daqiang, who was riding a horse on a camel for a few weeks, was really 200-310 Answers refreshed. Or Good, good. Or Please go on, please go on You are only paying attention to the time, you are CCDA 200-310 all doing the time Designing for Cisco Internetwork Solutions and then Cisco 200-310 Answers talking about the future.