传统村落是宝贵的文化遗产，蕴含着深厚的历史文化信息，传承着中华民族的历史记忆、生产生活智慧、文化艺术结晶和地域特色，寄托着人们的乡愁，是文化之脉、自然之体、生态之基、历史之源，具有重要的生活价值、历史价值、科学价值和艺术价值。
近年来，伴随着城市化的迅速推进、村落的转型撤并、农民的异地脱贫以及传统生产、生活方式的变革，城乡二元体制日渐松动，传统村落数量急剧下降，传统村落中的人口尤其是青壮年劳力不断“外流”，造成常住人口大量减少，出现“人走房空”现象，并由人口空心化逐渐演化为人口、土地、产业和基础设施整体空心化。与此同时，为了发展旅游，有些地方在保护开发传统村落的名义下，大规模拆除具有历史文化和地方特色价值的院落、建筑，而代之以新的住宅建筑，严重破坏了村落历史文脉的延续性。
而更令人担忧的是，上述问题已为越来越多的人所认识到，但迁走原住民的危害却还未引起足够的重视。有些地方为了保护传统村落，竟将其中的原住民全部迁走，却不知如此会使传统村落丢失了生机和文化内涵。
原住民与其居住的村落是一个整体，他们是村落文化的创造者，也是村落文化的承载者，只有他们才能真正传承这个村落特有的民俗、信仰、技艺、人文环境等文化遗产，也只有他们才能真正理解这些文化遗产的意义与价值。因而只有留下原住民，才是真正留住了传统村落的传承发展之根。
然而，留下原住民面临着重重困境。且不说功利性的开发，使原住民想留而不能留；即使无人强迫，原住民也未必甘心待在村里。一个不容回避的现实是，大多数传统村落位置偏僻，生活不方便，生活条件差，几无娱乐场所，就业门路少，老百姓辛辛苦苦种田一年，还不如外出打工一个月挣得多。即便以苗族风情闻名中外的贵州省雷山县的西江苗寨，外出打工仍是挣钱的主要门路。正如一位当地人所说：“如果一定说西江富裕了，老百姓的生活好了，那应该归功于打工。”
在我们看来，要留下原住民，就要满足原住民的生活、精神需求，改善其生存条件，使其交通便利、居住舒适、环境优美、就业有道、社保无忧。
交通便利
传统村落位置偏僻，我们不可能把它们都迁到城郊去，但可以改善交通条件，让老百姓出行便利一些。
吉林省长白山密林深处有一个木屋村，被称为“长白山最后的木屋村落”。这里的老百姓本来过着“棒打狍子瓢舀鱼，野鸡飞到饭锅里，黑熊野猪进园子，人蛇同睡被窝里”的世外桃源生活。可近年来，耐不住农村的寂寞，多数村民迁居他处，村里的54栋木屋，多数已是“空壳”，加剧了木屋的破败。由于没有硬化，一下雨或冰雪融化，道路便泥泞不堪，出行十分不便。后来，当地政府在保持木屋村整体格局不变的情况下，在村里铺垫了沙石路，省道至村口之间修了水泥路。这样一来，游客增多了，老百姓的生活有所改善，传统村落的吸引力也增强了。
居住舒适
不少古民居年久失修，破败不堪，成为危房。不少村民认为楼房舒适，生活方便，于是要么干脆拆掉旧房盖新房，要么到村外建新居，对古建筑不维修，任凭其荒芜、破败下去。那些被当地政府公布为文化遗产保护的核心建筑，不能随便拆迁和建造，维修要按照国家制定的文物维修规定进行，古建筑便处在拆不得、没钱修、住又不安全的尴尬境况中。
要留住原住民，就要解决原住民住房拥挤、传统建筑中生活不方便的问题。要在保持传统村落整体布局不变的情况下，改善内部的基础生活设施和外部的生活、卫生条件，满足村民的现代化生活需求。只有缩小了城乡差距，才会从根本上解决“空巢村落”的问题。
环境优美
随着人们生活水平的提高，农村中不易降解的生活垃圾、建筑垃圾大量增加。据统计，我国乡村年生产垃圾约3亿吨，生活污水约6000万吨，大多随意排放，严重污染了环境。由于没有实行垃圾集中处理，老百姓随意倾倒垃圾，污染了河水，恶化了居住环境。因此，给原住民一个碧空如洗、山清水秀的生活环境，也是留住他们的一个必备条件。
就业有道
传承是一种活态的文化延续，没有民众的积极参与，很难说是真正的“活态传承”。因此，把非物质文化遗产的传承保护跟群众脱贫致富紧密联系起来，是激发民众积极性的一种方法。比如，发展具有地域特色的文化产业，吸引农民在当地就业，增加农民收入，如此，传统村落的土壤依然存在，其文化空间也在民众的积极参与中得以维护。山东省沂南县的竹泉村、邹城市的上九村，就按照这个思路保护传统村落，既传承、弘扬了民间文化，还给原住民就业、致富提供了便利条件。
社保无忧
我国现阶段实施的社会保障制度是以家庭保障为主，积极发展制度化保障。农村社会保障项目主要包括农村社会养老保险、农村社会救助和以合作医疗为主的医疗保障。近年来，农村社会保障项目在广大农村逐步完善，让千百万农民受益。但社会保障只能让农民过上温饱的日子，不能让农民富足，他们除了务农，还得外出打工。因此，我们建议，凡被国家认定的传统村落，政府给予原住民一定的生活补贴或政策扶持，让他们可以不离乡就能过上悠然自适的生活。否则，“文化疼痛”的悲剧，将会不断上演。
此外，要留住原住民，还得加强宣传引导，让他们认识到传统民居和传统文化的价值，激发他们热爱家乡之美并以在家乡生活为荣的意识。我们固有的教育理念，是上对下、先进对落后的二元思维；事实上，教育是一种启发，一种传播。传统村落承载着浓郁的文化，而民众却不能自知，需要不断播撒新的理念，以理念润心田的教育是保护传统村落的一条途径。
另一方面，老百姓要改善生活，要过得更好一点，要过得更舒适一点，这是他们的权利，无可厚非。而且，物质自足与精神丰盈并不是矛盾的两极，保护了传统村落及其文化遗产，也就是保存了文化多样性，就为老百姓的文化生活提供了更多的选择项，有助于生活质量的提高。
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