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湖南省民协【大美乡愁】寻找湖南最美“古村镇,老手艺”活动采编组,带你走进湘潭易俗河镇子老街洛口。
【湖南日报】2014年8月13日第四版报道
本报记者 文热心 徐荣
湘潭易俗河(又名涓水),古称洛水,易俗河镇也就古称洛口。前不久,记者在镇子老街寻觅时,想起了一句村语:本是美人胚子,只是尘垢蒙面。
1、那些麻石街
从107国道湘潭县城处西折,下了防洪堤,就来到易俗河镇老街。
一条麻石街从南向北蜿蜒前伸,到一个转弯处分叉,一条向湘江边伸去,一条伸向西边的易俗河码头。
据“土著”居民说,当年易俗河老街分为上正街、正泰坪和曲直街。正泰坪是老街的中心;而曲直街则是靠近易俗河边的街道,为商贾云集之地;上正街则是官家机构所在地了。全盛时的易俗河镇三街、六巷都是麻石路,据说石头全来自长沙丁字湾。
记者脚下这条麻石街叫正泰坪。街上两栋老建筑特别显眼,都是排楼式的正面,水泥抹面。人们说,上世纪五六十年代一栋是百货商店,一栋是银行。从外表看,有点俄式风格,但细看那些已裸露出来的青砖、白灰,却是典型的清代建筑方法。
易俗河的老人们记得,老街上仍保存完好的肖氏祠堂,其主建筑建于清朝中叶的乾嘉年间。青砖为墙、三合土为地、原木柱廊环绕的祠堂里石狮看户,雕梁画栋,雕刻精美的花格窗门与粗大、漆得通红的梁柱相映成趣,显得既端庄又大气。
2、当年易俗河
易俗河镇确实古老。
与中国南方的古镇一样,它也兴于水。发源于湘潭最南端昌山的易俗河缓缓西南而来,在这里与北去的湘江交汇,形成了一个东抵湘江南临易俗河的三角洲——洛口,面积约一平方公里。它北西两面环水,一个天然的码头。
唐代天宝八年,湘潭县治设在这里。从上世纪50年代开始,这里挖水塘挖出的麻石上有一寸多深的车辙痕迹,也挖出了青铜镜;打屋基时,挖出了唐时城墙石砖……
然而,易俗河名声却在于“米市”,当年号称“中国四大米市”之一。明清时期,“外地客商纷纷拥进小镇,贩运大批谷米,远销各地”,后来“正泰坪逐步发展为谷米市场的中心,附近设有老仓、新仓……五谷殿等许多粮仓”。“到清光绪年间便发展到48家粮行,20家仓栈……1900年大米月调出量达到3万担至4万担。”当时的“易俗河粮积如山,船舶满河,名驰京沪”。
3、美丽的记忆
曾经生活在这里的人们,面对已经“蒙垢”的老街,却是回味其当年的温馨:“小时候,家门前一条石板路,对面河边是吊脚楼,石板路的两边是商铺。我们一群群小孩整天在街上跑来跑去,颠上颠下……夏天,是最美滋滋的时候,在树上摇一把桑葚,小孩们的嘴全是紫的”;家里“鱼干将坛子一排排装满了,却想吃新鲜的,要是碰上哪个哥哥高兴了,可以潜到水里去抓一条上来!”
“每天早晨,老街便热闹起来,从河堤下处至百货店门口的麻石街道,都是卖菜的乡下人和买菜的城里人。自行车铃声、土推车吱呀声、细密的人语交织在一起。那是老街的晨曲。”
“当时,正街上靠涓水一侧的楼铺都是木质的吊脚楼,一直延伸到涓水桥下面。街面的风格不逊于凤凰,也不亚于丽江。”
易俗河走向沉寂,当然也是因为“水”退“轮”兴,但这里还有水患。“老街每年要受一两次大水考验”,“大水退后要清淤”,特别是“1968年的一场特大洪水,把沿河的吊脚楼冲去了很多”。吊脚楼从那时便走向消逝。
4、复兴会有时
记者看到,建在不远的湘潭县城正向四周扩张,高楼大厦正接近老易俗河镇。
就在这“新”“旧”交替的时刻,保护老街、保护文化的呼声响起。当地人大、政协提出建议:借鉴外地保护开发老街、古城的经验,根据街道现状,进行修缮,同时适合旅游者休闲娱乐购物项目经营户,形成各条专业街让游客充分体验古街老巷风貌的特色旅游区。
去年3月初,京、浙商人来这里考察,与湘潭县有关方面就“洛口古镇”的开发合作事宜达成了初步意向。
如成,易俗河这个“古典美人”,将洗去尘垢,重现昔日风采。
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