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湖南省民协【大美乡愁】寻找湖南最美“古村镇，老手艺”活动采编组，带你走进永州市零陵区涧岩头村的周家大院
【湖南日报】2014年8月21日第五版报道
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湖南日报2007年10月11日，曾以《周家古韵》为题，报道永州市零陵区涧岩头村的周家大院。
那里头写过大院完美的结构布局、精湛的雕绘技艺等，可谓笔头深入其“内”，因此当记者7月初再次来到这里时，关注更多的是其“外”。
从“大环境”看，这里地处都庞岭北麓，零陵盆地南壤，潇、湘二水相汇，营造出无限诗意。周家大院就在诗意中。站在村头，审视这个潇湘东部小盆地：只见子岩府、新院子、老院子、四大家院、红门楼、黑门楼6座古宅，呈北斗七星状，坐落在平整的田畴中。东西南北延绵2公里。它们始建于明代嘉靖年间，形成于清末民初。占地面积近100亩，总建筑面积达3.5万平方米，是一组包含门楼6座，正、横屋180多栋，大小房屋1300多间，天井136个，游亭36座，走廊巷道40多条的规模庞大古建筑群。
“左边青石挂板，右边双凤朝阳；门前二龙相汇，屋后锯子朝天”。这是周氏这支第十代孙、有着二品顶戴、官至新疆喀什噶尔兵备道署理镇迪道兼按察使周崇傅，对这里地形地势的概括。四句话中，第一、二、四句是说这里三面环山，第三句是说一面临水。
先说它的山。村东端雄踞着“鹰嘴岭”与“凤鸟岭”，嵯峨的山顶抚摩着天空，千年的古木连接着云霄。其腾舞飞动面向东升旭日之状，被誉称为“丹凤朝阳”；村后岿然屹立的龙头山，又称“锯齿岭”，其伟岸巍巍，峰峦起伏，青翠层叠，宛若“锯齿朝天”。
流经村北、村西的两条清流，一曰“贤水”，一曰“进水”。它们像两条玉带环绕古村，其汇合之势，形同“二龙相会”。
山水相依，刚柔相济。无疑，周氏先祖选择这里定居，一定是看过“风水”的。
这支周氏的开山祖叫周佐，是宋朝理学家周敦颐的第十七世孙。据《周氏重修宗谱》记载，周佐是一个粗通文墨的读书人。虽说后来父因子贵，其三儿子周希圣官至户部尚书，他也被朝廷依例诰封了一个刑部右侍郎，但只是一个荣誉称号罢了。他出身贫寒，先在河边造纸坊当帮工，后来学到技术，开起自己的纸坊，也就有了积蓄，也就购田造宅。既然粗通文墨，做的又是“子孙事业”，周佐就得看“风水”了。他相信，阳宅风水好，就会财禄并进，添福添寿并荫及子孙，也就选择了这个地方。
专家如是说，如果摒弃“风水”理论中那些“某些封建迷信成分，从科学角度来认识”，“风水”在本质上，“无非是追求一种人与自然和谐相处、与山林泉石野趣相融的氛围”，即“天人合一”的高妙境界。在这里，天，即自然，包括自然天地间的山、水、泉、石、花、草、树和飞禽、走兽、虫鱼等。这种“天人合一”的思想反映在选址造宅方面，则表现为一条“依山傍水，坐北朝南”的原则。山为阳，水为阴，山水相依，阴阳相合，刚柔相济，山清水秀，即为上品风水宝地。
专家认为，周家大院的山水地理形势，很符合“天人合一”思想。它的东、西、南三面山峰巍然耸立，却又不是孤立独峙，而是连亘不断、起伏蜿蜒，自然延伸通向天际。群山中，竹茂林密，青峰翠黛，一派生机。进、贤二水源出鸣水岭，分别流经大闻洞和龙洞，汇集山泉，渐成碧波，在村北迂回曲折，然后蜿蜿蜒蜒向西注入潇湘，经洞庭，到长江，入大海……水，不仅为这里增加了秀美和灵动，而且让这里充满了生命的活力。
也是巧合，周佐自定居这里后，不仅家道更加殷实，而且“家势”一鸣惊人。三个儿子除了老二早夭外，另两个都有了功名，特别是老三周希圣中了进士，明朝天启四年，官至南京户部尚书。周家从此功名源源不绝。也就由明成万历年间财主豪宅“老院子”建起，以后相继建了“尚书府第”（红、黑门楼）、“翰林府”（子岩府）了。
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