【大美乡愁】活动动态(42)精美老手艺—岳州扇

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2014年8月17日,【大美乡愁】寻找湖南最美“古村镇,老手艺”采编组一行走进千年老街岳阳市全妃巷,走进简陋、陈旧的老厂房岳州扇厂。

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岳州扇至今已有三百多年历史。岳州扇厂是一九六一年成立,创始人李仲有,岳州扇最常用的材料为纸,也有用绢和夹纱的。其中纸的扇面占绝大部分。岳州扇品种繁多.工艺精湛,美观耐用。目前品种多达200多个,主要分为纸扇、羽毛扇、绢扇、骨扇、宫扇、帽扇、轻便扇、套扇、戏剧舞蹈扇和香木扇等十几大类。折扇的扇面,纸扇面分有色扇面和白色“素面”。除白面外,有色扇面中以金面最讲究也最复杂,最受人欢迎。有泥金,屑金、洒金、冷金、半冷……。其中泥金在我国很早就使用。泥金是将金箔或金粉和胶成泥状,故名“泥金”。用它涂饰在白扇面上,成泥金扇面。

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在1975年全国共有制扇厂1965家,岳州扇荣获轻工部金奖,“岳州扇”以书画扇、中堂大挂扇、鹅毛扇三个优秀扇种,一举夺得“全国三大名扇”之一的光荣称号。每年销售五百万把。在长期的产销过程中,以其独特的艺术风格,与苏州扇、杭州扇同享盛誉,成为工艺扇中的三姊妹。

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制作一把岳州扇,需要经过煮扇骨、画扇面、开浆、截边、上扇骨、齐边、捡验、等八十二道工序、才能生产出一把完整的岳州扇。七十七岁的老艺人彭明华,是岳州扇厂的技术权威。他主导生产的中堂大挂扇、高达三米,面积达十八平方米。无论是扇高、还是扇面积均领先于国内同行业。据我们了解,目前岳州扇的现状并不乐观,据岳州扇厂总经理唐立新介绍:岳州扇目前虽然畅销国内外,但枯燥、传统的手艺活、影响了年青人对老手艺的坚守;细腻的技术要求、挑战着人们近功急利的浮躁;社会多元化的就业渠道,分流了人们对传统产业的就业依赖;薪酬待遇低于机器、智能、等其他行业,人们失去从事传统文化产业的吸引力;企业生产资金短缺、原始投入资金不足,制约了企业的技术创新、产品开发。据唐总介绍:目前岳州扇厂最年轻的工人五十五岁,最大七十七岁。可谓一群老人在维系着"岳州扇"这门老手艺,让人们对岳州扇的传承发展感到担忧。

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扇子长3.5米。打开十八个平方,重三十多公斤

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