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湖南省民协【大美乡愁】寻找湖南最美“古村镇，老手艺”活动采编组，带你走进湖南省浏阳市东陲金刚镇，那里有一片建于清乾隆年间的古民居，名为“六栋堂”。
【湖南日报】2014年8月7日第八版报道
在“月落两省，鸡鸣三县”的浏阳市东陲金刚镇，有一片建于清乾隆年间的古民居，名为“六栋堂”。
六栋堂——从字面上理解，就是由六栋房子组成的建筑群。
来到“六栋堂”前，首先映入眼帘的是两边挂有“龙门世第”、“鹿洞家声”，门额书有“六栋堂”的大门。这就是门第标示吧。“龙门世第”，是说这家为皇家后裔。中国汉族有名的皇帝无非是刘、李、赵、朱等而已。这家果然姓李，是唐忠武西平王李晟之后。“鹿洞家声”，则让人有点费猜。南宋朱熹曾讲学于江西白鹿洞书院，以后朱氏子孙以“鹿洞”标示自家门第。六栋堂如此标示，是因为李家与朱家有着密切关系，还是从江西迁来的缘故？
进得大门后，一溜六栋房子。厅堂、天井和两侧横屋、厢房构成相对独立的建筑单元。此单元与彼单元以厅相连，直通最后一栋，一栋比一栋高；打开厅与厅之间的隔断门，六个大厅一览无余，近百米的进深，108根木柱整齐排列两边，形成一个幽深的空间，不由得让人发出“庭院深深”的感慨。同时也让人想起大树，主杆直冲天际，枝条两边横生，家也如是。
如此，就扯出一个问题，据李家后人介绍：清顺治年间，李氏第九派时郁公生有9个儿子，二儿子李锦理财有道，富甲一方。其“道”就是以田租——一年“千把担租子”，完成也算是“原始积累”吧，后来转行做鞭炮生意，在汉口、厦门等地设立爆庄，财富积累陡增。于是，李锦作出了建房买田的决定。他说：“吾族人逾千，贫富难均，况天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。今建房九栋，为日后逆境之子孙遮风避雨；置田三百，与无食者果腹。功德自在，吾辈无忧矣。”遂安排兄弟们按“九栋十八厅”的格局，各建房一栋。
“九栋堂”变为“六栋堂”的故事就这样发生了。正当大兴土木之时，有人向官府举报，说李家私建皇宫。确实，顺治入关后，对官员的住房作了严格的等级规定。到了乾隆年间，颁布了《钦定大清会典》，对体制内各种生活都进行了规范，其中当然包括住宅。譬如说，门前的台阶，六、七品官员的不能高于二级，以此类推，但最高不能超过八级。超过八就是九了，九是数字之极，除了皇帝谁也不能用。李家被人告状，一个原因可能出在那个“九”字上。不过，记者翻阅有关资料，发现乾隆年间，广东的罗家、江西的王家，都建有九栋十八厅，不过两家有高官在朝。是皇帝特许，还是规制松弛？另一个可能是，顺治年间，才入主中原的清廷怕汉人谋反，何况附近的湘潭就发生过何腾蛟抗清的事！
于是，朝廷特派钦差前来调查。李氏停建、周旋，总算“了难”。这一停就是几十年，直到康熙四十五年（1706）才重新开建，避开“九”字，只建六栋正房，再在左边建三栋“偏房”，并取名“六栋堂”。
“六栋堂”建成之后，李家更加兴旺。到了乾隆初年，李家对六栋堂再次扩建，不仅在两旁增建了厢房，而且在建筑群里增加了戏台、操坪、鱼池、水井、花园、走马巷、跑马场、拴马院等，在墙头和支柱的月照上刻了“李晟受封”等故事图案，在主厅堂挂上了“文魁”等四块大匾。据说，六栋堂全盛时，占地二百余亩，仅厢房就有500多间，一应公共设施俱全。
六栋堂的“建设史”告诉我们，在君主专制时期，建房得按礼制来，哪怕你最有钱，哪怕你祖上很阔。它还告诉我们，李锦建“六栋堂”给“日后逆境之子孙遮风避雨”的传统心理，至今还在延续。
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