编者按
2014年7月11日，湖南省民协【记住乡愁】寻找湖南最美“古村镇，老手艺”采编组将带你走进湖南省株洲醴陵市东堡乡沩山村，采访千年窑火文明。
【湖南日报】2014年7月11日第8版报道
两座青山 一沟流水
从醴陵北下沪昆高速西行，大约20多公里过仙槎桥水库后，就进入沩山村。
两边青山夹着一条宽约500来米的田垄，还有一沟流水，弯弯绕绕地由西向东延伸，南岳七十二峰中的一座是它们的起点。
现代化之风：汽车、电脑、乡村别墅，早进入了这个山村，可绿荫、宁静、悠闲是主色调：树木葳蕤，流水潺潺，鸡鸣狗吠，鸭子浮水，虫声嘀咕。
两千年窑火的遗存
青山绿水下掩埋的是两千年窑火文明。
2007年，这里一个山包起火，树木成灰后是一座白花花的瓷山。村里人觉得平常，外面人却“拍案惊奇”：这里生产过瓷器，什么时候？与醴陵瓷业是什么关系？
相继赶来的文物专家们考察得出结论：这是中国迄今为止出土的最大古窑群：有宋窑、元窑、明窑和清窑，还有与长沙铜官窑同期的唐代陶瓷碎片，甚至更早的。60余座古窑分布以沩山为中心的约129平方公里范围内，被森林覆盖着。
文字记载和地下遗存，还有亲历者都证明：这里是醴陵瓷业的源头。
接待记者的蔡其伟年过七旬，瓷工出身，是醴陵古窑的管理员，满肚子“沩山瓷经”。在他的记忆里，沩山当年可是山山窑火，处处冒烟；草蓬里是和泥、做坯、绘画的瓷工忙碌的身影；街道的旅馆里，是操着各种口音的瓷商；山脚下那条古道，独轮车唱着“吱吱呀呀”的歌，驮着竹篓子包装的瓷器，向东奔向前头的姜湾码头，瓷器就从那里装船，从渌江转湘江，然后出洞庭，过长江，进入城市，再进入千家万户。年复一年，渌江上重复着这样的景象：点点白帆，声声号子……醴陵瓷器就在这景象中扬名中国，扬名世界。
蔡其伟说，当年沩山号称“小南京”。民国时期，这里驻有收税机关，还有别动队，前者是“抽血”，后者是“抽查”。鼎盛时期，沩山范围瓷厂几百家，居民、窑工、商贾等人口过万，戏台、绸庄、饭馆一应俱全。
129平方公里的寻访
看完醴陵古瓷窑，蔡其伟带记者来到瓷泥洞口遗址。他说，你别看这里现在茅丛树遮的，先前可是沩山做瓷的中心，不仅出瓷泥，不远处就是醴陵古窑。或许是瓷工的聚集地吧，大戏台就建在这里。果然，残垣上的仕女芙蓉，褪去了鲜艳色彩，可线条还是清晰的。
记者顺着山脚下那条“瓷器古道”寻访：它宽不到两米，顺着青山之麓，蜿蜿蜒蜒向东延伸，白中带青的瓷片一团团地露出地面，独轮车千百年辗出的车辙仍然清晰地刻在石板桥上。
虽然沩山村当年的中心街道，现在已沉入望仙桥水库水底，可它的风采留在镜头里，挂在古窑旁土坯屋的壁上。
无名溪旁当年那些水井仍在滋润着这方人们，碾辗瓷泥的动力——木水轮机的“水鼓”还默默地躺在水槽里……
60年间的兴—衰—荣
沩山现在扬名了，可它仍然没有摆脱“世外桃源”之风。
其实，沩山走向寂静不过60多年的历史。由兴旺走向衰落，再由衰落到名扬，蔡其伟就是见证人。他说，因为苍天垂爱，山里头都是瓷泥，烧土做瓷也就成了这方人们的营生。这里做瓷的人尊明代樊进德为先师，立庙祭祀，说明樊对这里瓷业发展起过重要作用。
沩山瓷业再兴的功臣则是广东兴宁人廖仲威。廖生于制瓷世家，清朝雍正年间来到醴陵，向沩山寺的智慧和尚租地设厂，邀同乡技工来这制瓷，清代醴陵陶瓷业序幕从此拉开。
后来，这里成了名瓷的“诞生地”。蔡其伟指着山窝里一片土房子说，那就是群力瓷厂的前身。不仅如此，这里还是中国釉下五彩瓷器的发源地。1915年，这种瓷在巴拿马博览会上获得金奖。只是上世纪50年代末，许多工厂都迁到了醴陵县城旁边，这里也就逐渐走向静寂。
虽然静寂，却不掩风流！
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