【大美乡愁】活动动态⒃ 江永女书博物馆

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千年古村上甘棠,

江永女书世无双。

谢沐县衙七百载,

瑶寨乡愁不寻常。

湖南省民协【大美乡愁】活动组在永州市文联主席吕晓勇,县委常委宣传部长卢文庆,江永县县委宣传部常务副部长,文联主席谭峻的带领下来到了江永瑶族自治县上江圩镇《江永女书生态博物馆》。

从零陵出发到江永、沿途时雨时晴。进入香米、香芋、香柚、香姜的"四香之乡"江永千山峒时、这里还是雨意缠绵、天哭地涝。午后来到隋唐时期、曾是七百年县衙所在地上甘棠村后,却是酷阳高照、热浪逼人的另一番景象。宣传部长卢文庆,将我们带到了行程之外、一个四面环水、用一个吊桥连接外面世界的江心岛。这里青翠欲滴、江水潺潺,风光秀丽、犂、李飘香。女书传人胡阿姝、为我们唱了一曲旋律悠扬的女书歌后,又赠送了一幅女书"厚德载物"的书画作品。不仅运笔流畅、字秀墨香。更寓意着一方水土养一方人的纯朴与善良。这里就是世界女书的发源地,江永上江圩镇的「女书博物馆」

《江永女书生态博物馆》坐落于“女书复活岛”美称的浦尾岛上,离江永县城15公里。来到浦尾村镇东北侧一公里左右的路口,远远看到一幢重檐歇山顶式建筑。到了门前,果然见门楣上挂着一块“江永女书生态博物馆”匾额。

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进女书生态博物馆的大门

走进门楼,里面没有其他建筑。沿着道路走到江边,江上架有一座长长的铁索桥。桥下是清澈的江水,江的一头通到镇区,一头伸向大山。浦尾岛上四面环水。

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铁索桥

站在悬索桥上眺望,岛上有座村庄。我们沿着文化石铺筑的路步行来到村里,一组湘南民居风格的建筑呈现在面前。大门是三间高敞的门厅,门厅内挂着一块“女书园”匾额。

女书园是2002年修建的,占地面积2500平方米,建筑面积1600平方米,采用的是仿明清式建筑风格。女书园是江永女书生态博物馆记录、储存女书文化的资料中心,主要通过实物、文字、图片、音像等形式,展示女书原件文献、作品、工艺、书法、学术成果与民俗风情,全面介绍厚重的文化内涵和独特的人文魅力。

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女书园

二进中间是三间高敞的大厅,标明“女书学堂”。走进学堂,正面墙壁上挂有一幅妇女画像。画像为古代瑶族妇女服饰打扮,体态丰满,手持毛笔,两眼炯炯有神。里摆有几张桌子板凳,黑板上用粉笔写有六行女书。看了旁边注的汉字,方知是“四字女经,教儿聪明,娘边做女,莫出闺门,行不乱步,坐不摇身。”与儒家经典“女儿经”如出一辙。

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女书学堂

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江永女书传承人胡欣现场展示女书风采

江永女书主要在湖南省江永县上江圩镇及其近邻一带的妇女中传承,并以妇女所专用的一种特殊表音文字体系为内核的社会文化现象,其中的女字(也通称女书)是人类迄今发现的唯一现存的性别文字,女字、女歌、女红及其传承的民俗构成了丰富而立体的女书习俗。2002年4月,女书被列入中国档案文献遗产名录,2005年10月女书以“全世界最具性别特征文字”被收入《世界吉尼斯记录大全》,2006年6月女书习俗列入中国非物质性文化遗产名录。女字约有原创字符700余个。与其他文字相比,具有五大独特之处:一是妇用男不用;二是传女不传男;三是记录当地方言土语,并用当地土语唱读;四是字形奇特,右高左低,呈长菱形;五是人死书焚,陪葬送终。堪称中华文化之瑰宝,世界文字之奇观。书作品多为七言韵文作品,少数为五言体韵文。书写在精制布面手写本、扇面、布帕、纸片之上,分别叫做纸书、扇书、帕书;女书文学是苦情文学,内容主要有自传、结交、叙事、婚嫁、祭祀、民间唱本等;独特而丰富的女书民俗如坐歌堂、贺三朝、结拜姊妹、斗牛节、过庙节、吹凉节、乞巧节等为女书文化的传承提供了广阔的空间,对语言学、文字学、历史学、考古学、人类学、妇女学、民俗学以及民族文化史和民间文学等多学科领域具有重要的研究价值 。

 

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