十大“最美珍稀老手艺”介绍

●长沙望城铜官窑陶瓷捏坯

铜官窑始于初唐,盛于中晚唐,衰于五代,距今已有1000多年的历史,是中国唐代三大出口瓷窑之一。专家们称是“陶瓷史上的里程碑”。谢福祥自幼学习陶瓷捏坯技艺,娴熟掌握大型器体的捏坯技术,自创作品高度可超出2米,器型美观大方,棱角分明,艺术感强。

●会同县肖氏竹编

会同肖氏家族为手工竹编世家,迄今已传七代,两百余年。到第五代肖乾昌时,凉席上便能运用篾丝不同层次编织出各种图案。到第六代肖玉时,用竹篾编织各式各样的山水画、人物画、字画、鸟兽等。肖体贵是“肖氏竹编”第八代传人,其作品因形象生动、编织细腻屡获全国和省内大奖。

●益阳市小郁竹艺

国家级非物质文化遗产,源起于唐宋,年产量在十万件以上,作坊遍布大街小巷,清中期出口欧美。它以纯手工火郁为特色,产品主要有竹家具、灯具、竹艺装饰等。

传承人危禄绵坚守20余年, 用小郁竹艺多次为“建国五十周年成就展”、 “中国竹文化节”、首届湖南旅游商品博览会益阳展馆设计制作,夺得陈列金奖。

●永兴县拼布绣

起源于明,盛行于清和民国时期,是一种流行于湘南民间的原生态造型艺术,尤以永兴县大布江乡最具代表性。大布江拼布绣,构图饱满,用色大胆,造型洗练、夸张,针法巧妙,绣线采用野生苎麻。

传承人何雄军(何娟),《待嫁的新娘》、《京剧脸谱》、《时机已到》等作品多次荣获省、部级文化大奖。

●永州市冷水滩女书花带编织

在江永县上江圩乡、潇浦镇、铜山岭及其邻近一带,流传着一种独为妇女使用的奇特异形字,称为“女书”。“江永女书”是首批国家级非物质文化遗产。

“女书”一般书写在自制的手写本、扇面或刺绣在布帕上,多为五言、七言诗体,闺中秘语,用江永方言吟唱,音律优美。而女书花带编织则是当地妇女最常见的女红。

永州市实施“女书文化抢救保护”工程,冷水滩区尤其重视传承女书花带编织艺术。

●泸溪县踏虎凿花

凿花是一种不用剪刀的剪纸,因其主要源于湘西泸溪县的踏虎乡,也被称为踏虎凿花,国家非物质文化遗产。踏虎凿花以其刀法细腻、线条流畅、花样繁多、风格独特而著名。杨桂军将凿花的传统风格赋予时代气息,其作品如《苗寨六月六》、《湘西碾米》、《打油图》等多次荣获国家级、省级大奖。

●衡东县皮影制作

向登高为“衡东皮影”传承人,其影型雕刻制作精细美观,操作娴熟,唱腔板韵洪亮,精通后台打击乐,在衡东皮影艺人中有“全能王”之美誉。制作影型的材料用牛皮或硬纸。彩色部分用彩膜,或透明相纸着色,达到鲜艳透明效果。2014年4月,向登高影型《生旦净末丑》获山东民俗博览会金奖。

●隆回县滩头年画

滩头镇人世代相传的一门古老技艺,兴起于明末清初,民国时期达到鼎盛,有年画作坊108家,年产高达3000多万份,产品销往长江以南及港澳、东南亚。滩头年画色彩艳丽、润泽,造型古拙、夸张。20多道工序都在一个地方完成,在全国年画制作中极为鲜见。曾在“中国民间美术一绝展”上获银奖。

●邵阳市双清区羽毛画

早在明代,邵阳城内就有数十家加工和经销羽毛工艺品的作坊。邵阳羽毛画有30多道工序,它借助传统的国画构图法及雕塑、木刻、装饰工艺等表现手段,利用各种羽毛的天然色泽、纹彩、亮度和质感,以山水风光、花鸟、人物为题材,制成卷轴、纱衬、壁挂等。

●汨罗县川山毛笔

川山毛笔已经有300多年历史,汨罗川山坪镇毛笔厂法人代表卢存旭是川山毛笔制作工艺的唯一传人。川山毛笔有240多个品种,以“圆、齐、尖、健”四大优点而驰名中外,远销到台湾、西欧、美国及东南亚。

(易禹琳 整理)

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