【大美乡愁】活动动态(55)“二里陈街,三里官街”

湖南省民协【大美乡愁】寻找湖南最美“古村镇,老手艺”活动采编组,带你走泗州寨(上)

【湖南日报】2014年10月9日第四版报道

本报记者 文热心 邓明

通讯员 彭广业

“泗州寨”,这名字在今人听来有点稀奇,终究寨子有点隔世的味道。

然而,当年它繁华夺目一方,与政权中枢相连,也得浩荡“皇恩”。

金秋时节,记者寻访这里时,寨子不存,十里长街仍在,只是难比当年而已。

幸与不幸,都是辩证的。现代化的飓风和突来的战火,让它失去了风流。然而,交通格局的改变,让它在偏僻中得以保全骨架。

“四个山寨”,

却有文气盈盈名字

这个村子的名字由来名副其实——“四个山寨”,即由正堤寨、饭碗寨、牛屎寨、老鹰寨组成一村而得名“四周”。泗洲始祖陈氏太保公依孔孟之乡的“泗水”,改名泗州。

当年的泗州寨确是风光无限。“二里陈街,三里官街,五里商街”,是它鼎盛时期——清朝中期繁荣的写照。这也说明,自东晋至此时,1500余年时光,让泗州由“寨”而镇了。

人说,泗州寨是湘南文化第一村,是否确切,记者没有考证。不过,这里确是“人文蔚起”。

“二里陈街”,

风光当年陈家事

“二里陈街”是指陈氏家族的大宅院。二里长的一段街,住着都是“陈家人”。

在镇子的北面,一道砖木结构的槽门仍然立在泗水河、古驿道旁边。这是山东巡抚、兵部侍郎陈士杰老宅的出入口。

进得槽门,陈家官厅、陈家花园和其他附属设施虽然被历史的风雨打去风流,可拨开杂草,抹去尘垢,仍可揣摩出昔日“简笏满床”、“红绡帐底卧鸳鸯”的繁荣。在已经破败的陈家官厅,月洞门里是一个千多平方米的院子,院子三面是花格游廊,游廊与一个三合形小楼相连。这应该是陈士杰为自己设计的归隐之后的林泉地。他想宁静,可安座在将喧闹挡在外面的深墙高院里,他想热闹,打开门就可以步入滚滚红尘。

1825年生于泗州寨的陈士杰,本是寒门子弟,苦学而入官场。太平军兴起,他也开始发迹,成为湘军统帅曾国藩最重要的心腹幕僚之一。后来,他更是独立领兵——广武军。东征西讨,可谓“战功”赫赫,官也就越做越大,直至兵部侍郎、浙江巡抚、山东巡抚。特别是1859年,太平军翼王石达开兵出天京后,经桂阳去贵州,在桂阳七孔桥处与陈士杰广武军大战,石达开不能胜,于是绕道未进桂阳城。

陈士杰如此“重量级”,陈家在这方也就“重量级”了,更何况陈的后人进士好几个,建个二里长的陈府也就不令人吃惊了。

“三里官街”,

皇帝封诰五十五

“三里官街”,按现在说法就是公共建筑了。自朝廷在这里设机构,巡检司、州同署建起来了,文昌阁、育婴堂、义谷仓等也建起来了。

除此之外,还有一些打上“官”家烙印的建筑遗存。在镇子的南面,相距不过百米,耸立着两道气派的槽门。一个挂有“进士”,一个挂有“尚书”的金字牌匾。这说明这里取得功名、做官的除了陈士杰,还大有人在。据统计,在明清以来,泗州寨共出进士6人,中举12人,七品以上官员40多人,皇帝封诰55人次。

泗州寨南街口,明代陈尚伊进士的节孝牌坊横跨在那条南北向的古道上。这是乾隆皇帝于1771年降旨兴建的。一个清代帝王,何以为明代官员颁旨立牌坊呢?这是因为陈尚伊不与贪官同流合污,还时不时弄出些为民请命的事来,自然得不到朝廷重用,也不容于同僚。从中进士到逝世,50年间,在官场除做过短时期的知县外,其余扮演的都是员外郎、佥事、参议、副使之类跑龙套角色。他也就借继母年迈多病、急需奉养为由,几次辞官在家为农。

与其说他的精神感动了乾隆皇帝,还不如说后者借此敲打自己的臣下,收买汉人,便下旨为他建立节孝坊。牌坊为石料结构,四柱三门,三层六角,翘角飞檐。第二层刻有“圣旨”二字,饰以雕花。整个牌坊美观高大,稳重雄伟,是桂阳当今尚存最为气派的石牌坊。在村北,则是陈嘉贞的贞节牌坊。

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