编者按
湖南省民协【大美乡愁】寻找湖南最美“古村镇，老手艺”活动采编组，带你走进岳阳城陵矶的周家院子，领略老手艺“瓷匠”风采。
【湖南日报】2014年8月27日第八版报道
本报记者 文热心 通讯员 曾理
玩木的叫木匠，或雕匠，玩竹的叫篾匠，玩“头”的叫“剃头匠”，玩泥巴的叫什么？
“泥匠”？也可以，眼前这个人被誉为“湖南泥人周”——周国防，用泥做瓷的，也可称“瓷匠”。
8月初，记者走进岳阳城陵矶的周家院子，仿佛到了一个泥塑世界：人物造型，中国古人有屈原、吕洞宾等，西方洋人有维纳斯、大卫等；动物造型，天上飞的有鹰、鸽等，地上走的有虎、熊等，水中游的有鱼、龟、鳖等。而惊喜的是见到了复制的岳州古青瓷。
在记者眼里，这种古青瓷最主要特色在颜色：不同于北宋汝窑产的天青、豆青、粉青，也不同于哥窑产的青中带灰，面上满是断裂纹的“灰青”；当然更不同于钧窑产的“红”字号——玫瑰紫、海棠红、胭脂、朱砂、火红，还不同于定窑那种“白”字号——白中带粉。与后来的清代青花瓷，现在流行的釉下五彩白瓷相比，更是别具风格。其颜色是淡绿的，如初春的竹叶，如清明前茶树上带毫的嫩尖……
有这样一套瓷器摆在客厅，整个氛围也就增加了几分典雅。“产品釉色葱翠，光泽柔和；饰以浮雕花纹，更显得浓淡清晰，层次分明，给人以古朴高雅，气质非凡之感。它不需彩绘贴花、镶金画银……”这就是古瓷专家对它的评价。
虽然，现在它不像宋时的汝、钧、哥、定几大名窑遗物，被人视为“珍藏之宝”，经常在博物馆、展览会上“露脸”，可当年风头却盖过它们。
自1953年发现岳州古青瓷的遗存后，1997年人们又在湘阴县铁角咀窑头山发现了一个青瓷窑址。文物专家认为，岳州窑是唐朝六大青瓷名窑之一，并得出了岳州窑在中国陶瓷史上“四个之最”，即最早生产青瓷、最早使用匣钵腹烧、最早的官窑、最早采用釉下彩。
守着宝库岂能讨饭吃？
上个世纪90年代，无论是生活瓷还是艺术瓷都处于滞销危机之际，岳阳瓷厂决定再创岳州古青瓷。他们找来参照物，对制坯用料、烧结温度、器物造型、上釉着色等，都进行了反复探索、试验。终于仿创出一批岳州古青瓷。
周国防当时就在岳阳瓷厂科研所做设计员。他和师兄师弟们在师傅的带领下，几经“炙烤”，试制出了一批以“仿”乱真的岳州古青瓷，眼前的这些就是那个时候的成果。遗憾的是，正当他们想凭这种产品打天下、振兴“岳瓷”时，工厂却关门了。
周国防的师傅，这个玩了一辈子泥巴的人实在不甘心。在告别人世前，他将一辈子积累的技术资料交给了徒弟，叮嘱他一定要复兴岳州古青瓷。周国防成了掌握复兴岳州古青瓷全部秘密的人。
记者看到了这一包技术资料，有的写在塑料日记本上，有的记在厂里技术日志上，还有的画在白纸上。周国防让记者看了看，又匆匆包上。这可是“孤本”！以记者的理解，岳州古青瓷最独特的是釉料，因为造型或复古、或创新并不难，烧结的温度也得根据釉料来。
周国防将记者带到他的试制室，将一个小型搅拌机转动了一番，然后从机鼓中掏出一掌心粉红色的液体。当记者问其中元素构成时，他只是笑笑，不再作声。另一位伙计劝道：“别为难他了。如果说破了，技术会失密，他一辈子坚守的长城也就倒塌了。许多技术秘密也就一层窗户纸，一捅就破。”
记者理解周国防。他下岗时，每月只有300多元的生活费，就靠玩泥巴养活一家四口，供两个孩子上大学。有人曾让他带着技术外出赚钱，也有人高价买他手上技术资料，可他婉拒了。他相信，岳州古青瓷终有复兴的一天。
他还在等待，还在坚守，也在准备。不过，等待的日子就要结束了，有一个规划正在实施，明年或许会拉开岳州古青瓷复兴的序幕。
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